THREATPORT/VULNERABILITY/CVE-2025-54123
CRITICAL SEVERITY

CVE-2025-54123

Hoverfly vulnerability

CVSS
9.8
EPSS
10.5%
EPSS pct
95th
Exploited
No known
Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. In versions 1.11.3 and prior, the middleware functionality in Hoverfly is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insufficient validation and sanitization in user input. The vulnerability exists in the middleware management API endpoint `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware`. This issue is born due to combination of three code level flaws: Insufficient Input Validation in middleware.go line 94-96; Unsafe Command Execution in local_middleware.go line 14-19; and Immediate Execution During Testing in hoverfly_service.go line 173. This allows an attacker to gain remote code execution (RCE) on any system running the vulnerable Hoverfly service. Since the input is directly passed to system commands without proper checks, an attacker can upload a malicious payload or directly execute arbitrary commands (including reverse shells) on the host server with the privileges of the Hoverfly process. Commit 17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40 in version 1.12.0 disables the set middleware API by default, and subsequent changes to documentation make users aware of the security changes of exposing the set middleware API.
Affected vendor
Hoverfly
Affected product
Hoverfly
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness type (CWE)
  • CWE-20 — Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-78 — OS Command Injection
Published
2025-09-10

Risk analysis

Based on its CVSS vector, this vulnerability is exploitable over the network, low attack complexity, requiring no privileges, no user interaction. Successful exploitation leads to high impact to confidentiality, high impact to integrity, high impact to availability.

Its EPSS score of 10.5% reflects a moderate probability of exploitation activity in the wild over the next 30 days, placing it above 95% of all scored CVEs.

Check your external exposure to CVE-2025-54123

  • Confirm whether Hoverfly Hoverfly is running on any internet-facing host or subdomain.
  • Match discovered service fingerprints against the version affected by CVE-2025-54123.
  • Prioritise remediation if the asset is public, business-critical, or near authentication/payment flows.

How ThreatPort helps with CVE-2025-54123

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